Actions taken by the Trump administration and Congress will possible have main impacts on well being and well being look after immigrant households. As of June 2025, there have been 51.9 million immigrants residing within the U.S. representing various backgrounds and experiences. As well as, about one in four kids within the U.S. has a minimum of one immigrant guardian, and the overwhelming majority of those kids are U.S. residents. President Trump’s elevated immigration enforcement exercise has contributed to resounding ranges of fear and uncertainty among the many immigrant group, which might negatively have an effect on the health and well-being of immigrant households and make them extra reluctant to entry well being protection in addition to well being care. Furthermore, the 2025 tax and spending regulation and different latest policy changes will additional restrict entry to well being protection and providers for a lot of lawfully present immigrants who already face eligibility restrictions for federally funded protection choices, amid broader projected coverage reductions and anticipated increases in well being care prices.
This report supplies new information on well being and well being care experiences of immigrant adults ages 18 and over within the U.S. amid the present coverage atmosphere. It’s primarily based on a KFF survey carried out in partnership with The New York Instances in Fall 2025. It builds on the 2023 KFF/LA Times Survey of Immigrants and two further surveys carried out by KFF in 2024 and 2025. Separate reviews look at immigrants’ experiences amid elevated immigration enforcement and the political implications of immigrant voters’ views on immigration enforcement.
Key Takeaways
- Since President Trump took workplace in January 2025, 4 in ten (40%) immigrant adults total and almost eight in ten (77%) possible undocumented immigrants say they’ve skilled unfavourable well being impacts resulting from immigration-related worries. These unfavourable impacts embody elevated stress, nervousness, or disappointment; issues sleeping or consuming; and/or worsening well being circumstances like diabetes or hypertension. Notably, almost half (47%) of lawfully current immigrants and about three in ten (29%) of naturalized residents report a minimum of considered one of these impacts. Amongst immigrant dad and mom, about one in 5 (18%) say that their youngster’s well-being has been impacted since January 2025, together with issues sleeping or consuming, modifications at school efficiency or attendance, or habits issues.
- Total, 15% of immigrant adults report being uninsured as of 2025, with larger uninsured charges amongst immigrant adults who’re possible undocumented (46%) and lawfully current (21%) in comparison with naturalized residents (7%). This sample displays that undocumented immigrants are prohibited from accessing federally funded well being protection choices and plenty of lawfully current immigrants face eligibility restrictions for federally funded protection. Amongst immigrant dad and mom, 15% report a minimum of one uninsured youngster, rising to over 1 / 4 (27%) amongst immigrant dad and mom who’re possible undocumented. Most kids of immigrants are U.S.-born residents and subsequently not topic to eligibility restrictions for immigrants
- The share of immigrant adults who mentioned they prevented making use of for a authorities program that helps pay for meals, housing, or well being care up to now 12 months as a result of they didn’t need to draw consideration to their or a member of the family’s immigration standing rose from 8% to 12% between 2023 and 2025. Will increase had been bigger amongst those that are possible undocumented (27% to 46%) or dad and mom (11% to 18%). Additional, 11% of immigrant adults say they’ve stopped collaborating in such a program since January 2025 due to immigration-related worries, together with about 4 in ten (42%) of those that are possible undocumented and about one in six (17%) dad and mom.
- The share of immigrant adults who reported skipping or suspending well being care up to now 12 months elevated from 22% to 29% between 2023 and 2025. Amongst those that went with out care, about one in 5 (19%) immigrant adults say it was resulting from immigration-related issues. Nonetheless, throughout immigrant adults, bigger shares cite price or lack of protection (63%) as a motive why they skipped or postponed well being care. Moreover, three in ten (30%) immigrant dad and mom say that any of their kids delayed or skipped well being care up to now 12 months resulting from immigration-related fears, price or lack of insurance coverage, and/or not with the ability to discover providers at a handy time or location. The general share rises to about six in ten (58%) of oldsters who’re possible undocumented, with 43% of possible undocumented dad and mom citing immigration issues.
- Reluctance to entry care might partly mirror issues about well being care suppliers sharing data with immigration enforcement officers. About half (51%) of immigrant adults total and about eight in ten (78%) of those that are possible undocumented say they’re “considerably” or “very” involved about well being care suppliers sharing details about immigration standing with immigration enforcement officers. These fears have possible been exacerbated by the Trump administration sharing noncitizen Medicaid enrollee data with the Division of Homeland Safety (DHS), though this motion has since been restricted by court motion in some states.
Immigrant adults throughout immigration statuses are experiencing unfavourable impacts on their well being and dealing with elevated limitations to accessing well being protection and look after themselves and their kids. These impacts are significantly pronounced for immigrants who’re possible undocumented, dad and mom, decrease revenue, or who’ve restricted English proficiency (LEP). These experiences will possible contribute to worse well being outcomes for immigrant adults and their kids, who’re primarily U.S.-born residents. Damaging impacts additionally might have spillover results on the U.S. economic system and workforce on condition that immigrants play an outsized position in lots of occupations together with health care, development, and agriculture. Going ahead, immigrant households will possible proceed to expertise unfavourable impacts on their well being and well being care given ongoing enforcement exercise and policies that can additional restrict entry to well being protection for lawfully current immigrants.
Field 1: Key Phrases and Teams
Immigrants: On this report, immigrants are outlined as adults residing within the U.S. who had been born outdoors the U.S. and its territories. This consists of naturalized residents, lawfully current immigrants, and immigrants who’re possible undocumented.
Naturalized citizen: Immigrants who mentioned they’re a U.S. citizen.
Lawfully current immigrant: Immigrants who mentioned they don’t seem to be a U.S. citizen, however presently have a inexperienced card (lawful everlasting standing) or a sound work or pupil visa.
Possible undocumented immigrant: Immigrants who mentioned they don’t seem to be a U.S. citizen and don’t presently have a inexperienced card (lawful everlasting standing) or a sound work or pupil visa. These immigrants are labeled as “possible undocumented” since they haven’t affirmatively recognized themselves as undocumented.
Impacts of Immigration-Associated Fears on Well being
4 in ten (40%) immigrant adults total and almost eight in ten (77%) possible undocumented immigrants say they’ve skilled unfavourable well being impacts resulting from immigration-related worries since January 2025 (Determine 1). These unfavourable well being impacts embody elevated stress, nervousness, or disappointment; issues sleeping or consuming; or worsening well being circumstances like diabetes or hypertension resulting from immigration-related worries. Notably, almost half (47%) of lawfully current immigrants and about three in ten (29%) of naturalized residents report a minimum of considered one of these impacts. About half of Hispanic (51%) and Black (46%) immigrant adults, these with decrease incomes (annual family revenue of lower than $40,000) (49%), and immigrant dad and mom (47%) report these well being impacts.
When requested to explain impacts of the Trump administration’s immigration enforcement actions on themselves or their household in their very own phrases, a variety of immigrants say they and their households have skilled elevated nervousness and stress resulting from fears, uncertainty in regards to the future, and elevated racial discrimination (Field 2). Some additionally point out feeling elevated disappointment or melancholy about how they and others are being handled. These responses echo experiences shared by possible undocumented Hispanic immigrants in focus groups carried out throughout March 2025, who described feeling anxious, careworn, depressed, remoted, and lonely resulting from modifications of their day by day lives and continuously being on excessive alert in addition to elevated emotions of disappointment and fears amongst their kids. Individuals additionally described affected by insomnia, lack of urge for food, and signs resembling abdomen issues and migraine complications resulting from fears and stress.
Field 2: In Their Personal Phrases: How Immigrants Have Been Affected by the Trump Administration’s Immigration Enforcement Actions
“Below Trump’s administration, it has felt insecure and stuffed with discrimination…. Many are us as if we don’t belong, and we obtain racial slurs inflicting worry and nervousness.” — 39-year-old Brazilian immigrant lady in California
“Mentally we’re extra careworn day-after-day despite the fact that we’re authorized.” — 39-year-old Chinese language immigrant man in New Jersey
“We’re getting depressed and are afraid of going out, we’re scared that they’ll separate us, they’ll mistreat us.” — 34-year-old Colombian immigrant lady in New York
“It created worry and stress in my household, making us really feel much less safe and unsure in regards to the future.” — 23-year-old Guinean immigrant lady in New York
“It has brought about us plenty of stress. We’ve fixed worry.” — 24-year-old Cuban immigrant man in Florida
“There’s racism and I really feel plenty of disappointment about how they deal with individuals when there are raids. There’s plenty of worry and disappointment.” — 52-year-old Mexican immigrant lady in California
Be aware: Responses are evenly edited for size and spelling, however mirror respondents’ personal language and don’t symbolize the views of KFF.
Amongst immigrant dad and mom of a kid below 18 years previous, about one in 5 (18%) say their youngster’s well-being has been negatively impacted by immigration-related worries since January 2025. These impacts embody issues sleeping or consuming (14%); modifications at school efficiency or attendance (12%); or habits issues (12%) (Determine 2). Experiences of impacts on kids are significantly excessive amongst possible undocumented immigrant dad and mom (46%), dad and mom with decrease incomes (30%), and immigrant dad and mom with LEP (24%).
Well being Protection and Different Help Packages
Fifteen % of immigrant adults age 18 and older and 19% of immigrant adults between ages 18 and 64 report being uninsured as of 2025. As compared, 6% of U.S.-born adults ages 18 and older and eight% of U.S.-born adults ages 18-64 say they lack protection.1 Most immigrant adults are working, however many are employed in decrease revenue jobs and industries which are much less prone to supply employer sponsored insurance coverage, contributing to decrease charges of personal protection than their U.S.-born counterparts. Medicaid protection helps fill a few of the hole in non-public protection, however many lawfully current immigrants are topic to eligibility restrictions for federally funded well being protection and undocumented immigrants aren’t eligible for any federally-funded well being protection. As such, greater than 4 in ten (46%) possible undocumented immigrants and about one in 5 (21%) lawfully current immigrant adults report being uninsured in comparison with 7% of naturalized residents (Determine 3). Uninsured charges for immigrant adults remained comparatively steady between 2023 and 2025 however will possible enhance in future years as a result of the 2025 tax and price range regulation will additional restrict access to federally funded protection for lawfully current immigrants, together with Medicaid or the Inexpensive Care Act (ACA) Marketplaces.
Uninsured charges amongst immigrant adults additionally differ by different components together with race or ethnicity, parental standing, revenue, and English proficiency. Hispanic immigrant adults (27%), these with decrease incomes (23%), those that have LEP (23%), and people who are dad and mom (22%) usually tend to be uninsured in comparison with their White (5%), larger revenue (4%), English proficient (10%), and non-parent (11%) counterparts (Determine 4).
Uninsured charges amongst immigrant adults additionally differ primarily based on the place they reside, partly, reflecting totally different protection growth selections by states. States differ within the protection they supply for his or her low-income populations total in addition to immigrants particularly. States which have adopted the ACA Medicaid growth have broader eligibility for low-income adults total, however noncitizen immigrants nonetheless face eligibility restrictions for this protection. Some states have expanded protection for immigrants by eliminating the five-year ready interval in Medicaid and/or the Kids’s Well being Insurance coverage Program (CHIP) for lawfully current kids and/or pregnant individuals and/or extending protection to some immigrants no matter immigration standing by way of totally state-funded packages, though states lately have been lowering or eliminating this protection. Immigrant adults who reside in states that present extra expansive protection, together with the ACA Medicaid growth and immigrant protection expansions, are about half as prone to be uninsured in contrast with these dwelling in states with much less expansive insurance policies (11% vs. 23%), reflecting larger charges of Medicaid or state-funded protection in these states (Determine 5) (see Field 3 for definition of state well being protection expansiveness).
Field 3: Classifying States by Protection Insurance policies
Well being protection was analyzed by expansiveness of state protection primarily based on state of residence reported by survey respondents. Expansiveness of protection was labeled as follows:
Extra expansive protection: States had been labeled as having extra expansive protection in the event that they have applied the ACA Medicaid expansion to low-income adults, have taken up choices in Medicaid and CHIP to cowl lawfully current immigrants, and supply state-funded coverage to a minimum of some teams (resembling kids) no matter immigration standing. Even when state-funded protection is restricted to kids, the provision of this protection might cut back fears amongst immigrant adults about making use of for protection for themselves if they’re eligible for different choices.
Reasonably expansive protection: States had been labeled as having reasonably expansive protection in the event that they applied the ACA Medicaid expansion to low-income adults and have taken up a minimum of two choices accessible in Medicaid and CHIP to increase protection for immigrants, together with overlaying lawfully-residing immigrant children or pregnant people and not using a 5 yr wait or adopting the CHIP From-Conception-to-the-End-of-Pregnancy choice to offer protection to low-income citizen kids no matter their guardian’s immigration standing.
Much less expansive protection: States had been recognized as having much less expansive protection in the event that they haven’t applied the ACA Medicaid growth to low-income adults and/or taken up fewer than two choices in Medicaid or CHIP to increase protection for immigrants and don’t supply state-funded well being protection to immigrants.
See Appendix Table 1 for states groupings by these classes.
Amongst immigrant dad and mom, 15% reported a minimum of one uninsured youngster as of 2025 (Determine 6). This share rises to a couple of quarter (27%) amongst immigrant dad and mom who’re possible undocumented and about one in 5 of these with decrease incomes (23%) or LEP (21%).
The share of immigrant adults who say that, up to now 12 months, they prevented making use of for a authorities program that helps pay for meals, housing, or well being care as a result of they didn’t need to draw consideration to their or a member of the family’s immigration standing elevated from 8% to 12% between 2023 and 2025 (Determine 7). Will increase had been bigger amongst those that are possible undocumented (27% to 46%) or dad and mom (11% to 18%). Additional, 11% of immigrant adults say that they stopped collaborating in a authorities program that helps pay for meals, housing, or well being care as a result of they didn’t need to draw consideration to their or a member of the family’s immigration standing since January 2025, together with about 4 in ten (42%) possible undocumented immigrants and about one in six immigrant dad and mom (17%) (Determine 8).
Entry to Well being Care
The share of immigrant adults who reported skipping or suspending well being care up to now 12 months elevated from 22% to 29% between 2023 and 2025. Amongst uninsured immigrant adults, the share reporting skipping or suspending care rose to half (50%) as of 2025, up from 36% in 2023 (Determine 9). Delaying or going with out wanted care can contribute to well being issues changing into worse and taking extra time and resources to deal with. Amongst immigrant adults who skipped or postponed well being care, 36% mentioned their well being obtained worse because of this (11% of all immigrant adults).
Price and lack of protection, restricted entry to care, and fears are components contributing to immigrant adults skipping or suspending well being care. About six in ten (63%) immigrant adults who skipped or postponed well being care up to now yr (18% of all immigrant adults) say they did so due to price or lack of insurance coverage, about for in ten (42%) (12% of all immigrant adults) say they did so as a result of they weren’t capable of finding providers at a time or location that labored for them, and 19% (5% of all immigrant adults) say it was due to issues about their or a member of the family’s immigration standing (Determine 10). Amongst those that accomplished the survey in a non-English language and in addition skipped or postponed care, 24% cited language entry challenges. Price or lack of protection and immigration issues are larger amongst uninsured adults who skipped or postponed care in comparison with these with protection.
Additional, three in ten (30%) immigrant dad and mom say any of their kids delayed or skipped well being care up to now 12 months resulting from immigration-related fears (14%), not with the ability to discover providers at a handy time or location (13%), or price or lack of insurance coverage (12%). Charges of delayed or skipped well being care are larger amongst immigrant dad and mom who’re possible undocumented (58%), with 43% citing immigration issues. Additionally they are larger amongst dad and mom who’re uninsured (44%), haven’t any common supply of care aside from an emergency room (42%), or have LEP (42%) (Determine 11).
Practically half (48%) of possible undocumented immigrants and 14% of immigrant adults total say they or a member of the family have prevented looking for medical care since January 2025 resulting from immigration-related issues. Uninsured immigrant adults and people who are dad and mom usually tend to say they or a member of the family prevented looking for medical care resulting from immigration-related fears than their insured and non-parent counterparts (Determine 12). Substantial shares of immigrant adults, significantly those that are possible undocumented, additionally report avoiding other activities resembling going to church or different group actions, going to work, or taking their youngster to highschool or faculty occasions.
Reluctance to entry well being care might, partly, mirror issues about well being suppliers sharing data with immigration enforcement officers. About half (51%) of immigrant adults, together with about eight in ten (78%) who’re possible undocumented, say that they’re “considerably involved” or “very involved” about well being officers, hospitals, or well being care suppliers sharing sufferers’ data with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) or Customs and Border Safety (CBP) (Determine 13). These fears might have been exacerbated by the Trump administration’s motion in June 2025 to share the non-public and well being data of noncitizen Medicaid enrollees with the Division of Homeland Safety (DHS) for functions of immigration enforcement regardless of issues associated to the violations of federal and state privateness information protections. Whereas a federal courtroom briefly blocked the Trump administration from sharing enrollee information for immigration enforcement within the 20 states that filed a lawsuit, the transfer nonetheless possible contributes to fears.
Past fears, well being care prices stay a big and rising concern for immigrant households as do challenges paying for different fundamental wants like meals and housing. As of 2025, about one in three immigrant adults (36%) say that they or somebody dwelling with them had issues paying for well being care up to now 12 months, up from one in 5 (20%) in 2023. Price issues are significantly excessive amongst immigrant adults who’re uninsured, with about six in ten (62%) of uninsured immigrant adults reporting issues paying for well being care in comparison with 31% of their insured counterparts and up from 38% of those that mentioned the identical in 2023 (Determine 14).
Neighborhood well being facilities are a major supply of look after immigrant adults however might face elevated challenges serving them resulting from latest coverage modifications. Per the overall grownup inhabitants, most immigrant adults say they’ve a standard supply of care aside from a hospital emergency room (78%), however the share is decrease amongst possible undocumented (64%) and uninsured immigrant adults (50%).Total, three in ten (30%) immigrant adults report utilizing a neighborhood clinic or group well being clinic (CHC) when they’re sick or want well being recommendation (Determine 15). CHCs are a nationwide community of over 1,300 safety-net major care suppliers positioned in medically underserved communities and serve all sufferers no matter their skill to pay. Reflecting this position, CHCs function a standard supply of care for big shares of immigrant adults who’re possible undocumented (45%), coated by Medicaid (42%), Hispanic (42%), have decrease incomes (38%), or have LEP (37%). CHCs will possible face elevated challenges serving sufferers resulting from Medicaid cutbacks within the 2025 tax and price range regulation. A Trump administration policy change additionally restricts entry to CHCs for undocumented and a few lawfully current immigrants, though implementation of this alteration is halted in 20 states and D.C. below a courtroom ruling.
